Interview Mode

• 13.7 % CAPI
• 74.8 % CATI
• 4 % PAPI
• 7.5 % Websurvey

Interview Mode

• 17.8 % CAPI
• 13.9 % CATI
• 68.3 % Websurvey

Producer

Croatian Bureau of Statistics

Universe

"The reference population of EU-SILC is all private households and their current members residing in the territory of Croatia at the time of data collection.
Persons living in collective households and in institutions are excluded from the target population." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, HR, Version 1.0, p. 2)

Source Of Sampling Frame

2021 Census data

Sampling Design

Probability

• systematic

• stratified

• multi-stage

Primary Sampling Units

Area units

Secondary Sampling Units

Dwellings

Stratification Criteria

"The sampling frame of segments for the first stage is divided into 8 strata. 6 strata are defined by 3 groups of counties (NUTS-3) and the types of municipality. The type of municipality can be city or municipality. Separate 2 strata are Grad Zagreb county and city of Rijeka and city of Split together. In Croatia there are four statistical regions, according to The National Classification of Territorial Units for Statistics 2021 (HR_NUTS 2021. - NUTS-2): 1. Pannonian Croatia 2. Adriatic Croatia 3. City of Zagreb 4. North Croatia" (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, HR, Version 1.0, p. 11)

Sampling Method

"The sample design for EU-SILC 2023 was two-stage stratified design. In each stratum primary sampling units (PSUs) were systematically selected with probability proportional to size, and in the second stage 7 addresses (occupied dwellings) were randomly selected in each PSU. The sample was divided into 4 subsamples (rotational groups), each by itself representative of the whole population and similar in structure to the whole sample." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, HR, Version 1.0, p. 11)

Number Of Rotational Groups

4

Start Date

29-03-2024

End Date

07-07-2024

Interview Mode

• 49.6 % CAPI
• 50.4 % CATI

Percentage Of Proxy Interviews

39.4%

Non-response Weight: Method

"The design weight of responded households is modified by a factor inversely proportional to the weighted response rate within a group of counties ("homogeneous group"). The weighted household response rate was computed for each group (see annex)." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, HR, Version 1.0, pp. 13)

Final Weighting: Method

"The cross-sectional weight for the household (DB090) is equal to the calibrated weight. Individual weights (RB050) are equal to the corresponding household weights. [...] The sum of individual weights is equal to the number of persons in private households in Croatia according to Population estimates of Republic of Croatia 2021." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, HR, Version 1.0, pp. 13)

Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, HR, Version 1.0.

Interview Mode

• 99.2 % CAPI
• 0.8 % CATI

Producer

National Statistical Institute

Universe

"The reference population of BG-SILC is all private households and their members residing in the territory of the country at the time of data collection.[...]  Persons living in collective households and in institutions are excluded from the target population." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), BG, Version 1.0, p. 4)

Source Of Sampling Frame

Population Census 2011

Sampling Design

Probability

• systematic

• stratified

• multi-stage

Primary Sampling Units

Census enumeration units

Secondary Sampling Units

Households

Stratification Criteria

"The sample is stratified by administrative-territorial districts in the country (NUTS3) and the household's location. As a result 56 strata are formed (28 of urban and 28 of rural population). Municipalities and settlements are ranged according to the number of their population within each stratum." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), BG, Version 1.0, p. 23)

Sampling Method

"The number of census enumeration units (PSU) is calculated for each strata included in the sample. The clusters on the first stage are chosen with probability proportion to population size (number of households) in the PSUs. Systematic sampling of secondary units (households) in each primary unit selected is applied. Each PSU contains 5 households." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), BG, Version 1.0, p. 23)

Number Of Rotational Groups

6

Date of Data Collection

03-2024 bis 06-2024

Interview Mode

• 100 % CAPI

Weighting: Method

The weighting procedure consists of the following steps: First, calculation of design weights which represent the inverse of the inclusion probabilities of the sample units. According to the country specifics the sample is stratified to 56 strata by NUTS 3 (28 regions) and location (town/village). Second, adjustment for non-response. The procedure used is "weighting classes". The classes are defined by the sampling design strata because of the limited information available for non-responding households. The final step is calibration of the non-response weights to population totals for the new rotation group (the result is base weights RB060). Calibration is done using the SAS Macro Calmar 2. The main source for calibration totals is the Information System "Demography". Another source of information is the 2021 Population Census database. The weighting procedure for the previous 5 rotation groups consists of the following steps: The base weights RB060 were adjusted for non-response at individual level. On the basis of a logistic regression the weights of the enumerated persons were adjusted with the probability of following up to obtain RB060 for 2024. This was applied for each rotation group separately. After that RB060 for each of the 5 rotation groups were calibrated separately to the population as of 31 December 2023 the same way as for the new rotation group. To combine all sub samples (the 6 rotation groups) all weights were multiplied with a scaling factor of 1/6 and the weights were calibrated to the population as of 31 December 2023 using variables at individual and at household level. Detailed information on the weighting procedures is included in Annex 5." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), BG, Version 1.0, p.26)

Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, BG, Version 1.0.

Interview Mode: Variable PB270

Producer

Statistics Belgium

Universe

"The reference population is all citizens living at Belgian territory. This means that the source of the sample is the central population register. This register includes all private households and their current members residing officially in the territory. Persons living in collective households and in institutions are excluded from the target population. During fieldwork the household composition can be changed by the household, so we end up with the de facto household composition." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, BE, Version 1.0, p. 2)

Source Of Sampling Frame

Central Population Register

Sampling Design

Probability

• systematic

• stratified

• multi-stage

Secondary Sampling Units

Households

Stratification Criteria

"The main stratification criterion is the NUTS2 level. The 11 sampling strata are the 10 Belgian provinces [...] and the Brussels Capital Region" (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, BE, Version 1.0, p. 14)

Sampling Method

"The Belgian EU-SILC 2023 survey is based on a stratified 2-stage sampling scheme drawn in 2004, followed by rotation since 2005. Until SILC 2018 rotation allowed to replace roughly one fourth of the sample each year. With SILC 2019 a first step was made towards a 6-year panel instead of a 4-year panel. Normally the rotational group started in 2015 would have been dropped for SILC 2019. However, this group remained in the survey as the fifth wave. With SILC 2020 a full 6-year panel is in place. The rotational group started in 2015 participated then as the sixth wave. In SILC 2024 a group left and a new group was added. Hence, households (ignoring split-offs) participating in 2024 have been drawn for participation in 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 or 2024." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, BE, Version 1.0, pp. 13)

Number Of Rotational Groups

6

Date of Data Collection

January - July

Interview Mode

• 46.2 % CAPI
• 53.6 % CATI
• 0.3 % Mixed Mode Collection

Percentage Of Proxy Interviews

9.5%

Weighting: Method

See Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, BE, Version 1.0, Annex 5.

Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, BE, Version 1.0.

Interview Mode: Variable PB270

Corresponding National Study

German Microcensus

Producer

Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)

Universe

"All persons living in "a private household at main residence". Those households include at least one person at the age of 16 or older and being registerd at the main place of residence at the sampled adress. [...]

The sub-populations that are not covered by the data collection includes: those who moved out of the country's territory; or those with no usual residence; or those living in institutions or who have moved to an institution compared to the previous year." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), DE, Version 1.0, p. 3)

Source Of Sampling Frame

German Census of 2011

Sampling Design

Probability

• stratified

• one stage

Stratification Criteria

"a) Stratification variables referring to building size classes: The first stratum includes smaller buildings with 1 to 4 apartments. They are grouped into sample districts with a guideline value of 12 apartments, in the order of the house numbers within the street, if necessary also across streets. The second stratum includes medium-sized buildings with 5 to 10 apartments. These buildings each form their own selection districts. The third stratum includes buildings with 11 or more apartments. These are divided into sections with a guide size of 6 apartments. There are two more strata: Stratum N°4 includes the population in communal accommodation, which is divided into selected units with a reference size of 15 people. Another stratum N°5 serves for updating the basic selection. This annual update of the selection takes place via the reports on the construction activity statistics (socalled building permits). The new buildings registered there are divided into the three initial size classes mentioned. b) Regional stratification variables: There are 243 regional strata (districts or groups of districts), which as a rule should have at least 200.000 inhabitants. The technique of selection, i.e. the sorting, zone formation and selection per zone ensures a stratification-like effect for these regions." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), DE, Version 1.0, p.13)

Sampling Method

"The German EU-SILC sample corresponds to a one stage cluster sample consisting of four rotation groups with one quarter leaving the sample every year and another one joining. Sample frame is the German Census of 2011. The addresses were stratified by a combination of technical (building size classes) and regional (districts/counties or summaries of districts) information [...]. Based on the stratification, addresses were clustered into artificially delimited areas (selection areas; in German called "Auswahlbezirke") that consist of around 9 dwellings or respectively 15 persons. Based on the specifications of the census, like clustering, the selected units were sampled and all sampling information, including rotation group allocation, was determined. Due to legislation only 20% of the sampling frame was stored. Based on the determined sampling variables, the sample districts were assigned to Microcensus and SILC- subsample. These variables are assigned as random numbers by permutation and are used to delimit the annual sample of the Microcensus, the rotation groups as well as the disjoint subsamples like SILC." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), DE, Version 1.0, p.13)

Number Of Rotational Groups

4

Start Date

01-02-2024

End Date

31-08-2024

Interview Mode

• 2.1 % CAPI
• 18.1 % CATI
• 58.9 % Websurvey
• 20.9 % Mixed Mode Collection

Percentage Of Proxy Interviews

19.9 %

Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), DE, Version 1.0.

Interview Mode: Variable PB270

Producer

Statistics Denmark

Universe

"Persons with their legal address within Denmark" (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, Version 1.0, DK, p. 3)

Source Of Sampling Frame

Central Personal register (CPR)

Sampling Design

Probability

• systematic

• stratified

• one stage

Primary Sampling Units

Households

Secondary Sampling Units

Not used

Stratification Criteria

"The population is stratified by income and NUTS-2 regions" (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, DK, Version 1.0, p. 13)

Sampling Method

"From 2016, the Danish sample design has been a stratified one-stage clustered sample; the clusters being individual SILC-families. From each cluster an individual is randomly selected: the contact person. Denmark uses the Selected Respondent model, where this individual answers the relevant questions for all household members. A sample size (number of clusters) for the new panel is determined at the beginning of the sampling process. The sample size is then allocated to the strata, with respect to both the AROPE standard error and the number of households in the strata compared to the number of sampled households in each strata." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, DK, Version 1.0, pp. 12)

Number Of Rotational Groups

4

Date of Data Collection

February to May

Interview Mode

• 14.7 % CATI
• 85.3 % Websurvey

Percentage Of Proxy Interviews

1.4 %

Weighting: Method

"Weights were constructed by means of the generalized regression estimator. This estimator respects know population totals while adjusting the initial design weights as little as possible. Our implementation of this method relies on auxiliary information from Statistics Denmark's registers taking into account different sampling probabilities and differential non-response." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, DK, Version 1.0, p. 14)

National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, DK, Version 1.0.

Interview Mode: Variable PB270

Interview Mode

• 0.4 % CAPI
• 60.9 % CATI
• 38.7 % Websurvey

Interview Mode

• 100 % CAPI

Producer

Statistics Sweden

Universe

"The reference population is all private households and all persons composing these households, having their usual residence in Sweden." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, SE, Version 1.0, p. 3)

Source Of Sampling Frame

Total Population Register (TPR)

Sampling Design

Probability

• systematic

• stratified

• one stage

Primary Sampling Units

Individuals

Secondary Sampling Units

Not used

Sampling Method

"From 2021 and onwards, the sampling design for new panel samples is one-stage stratified systematic sampling, in which stratification is with respect to NUTS2 regions and where the sampling frame is ordered by sex and age. The sampling allocation is non-proportional, in which small NUTS2 regions are overrepresented, and large NUTS2 regions are underrepresented. The purpose of the new sampling design is to increase compliance with the precision requirements for SILC. The sampling design for the additional samples 2021-2023 is stratified systematic sampling, for which the stratification, allocation, and ordering of the sampling frame is the same as for new panel samples. The sampling allocation for the additional samples is more skewed relative to the population than the sampling allocation for new panel samples, which further increases compliance with the precision requirements." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, SE, Version 1.0, p. 19)

Number Of Rotational Groups

6

Date of Data Collection

January - June

Interview Mode

• 33.8 % CATI
• 66.2 % Websurvey

Percentage Of Proxy Interviews

1.3%

Weighting: Method

See Eurostat (2025): National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), SE, Version 1.0, Annex 5.

Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, SE, Version 1.0.

Interview Mode

• 32 % CAPI
• 68 % CATI

Producer

ISTAT Italian National Institute of Statistics

Universe

"The target population is private households and all persons composing these households having their usual residence in the Member State. Private household means a person living alone or a group of persons who live together, providing oneself or themselves with the essentials of living." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, IT, Version 1.0, p. 2)

Source Of Sampling Frame

LAC (Liste Anagrafiche Comunali)

Sampling Design

Probability

• systematic

• stratified

• multi-stage

Primary Sampling Units

Municipality

Secondary Sampling Units

Households

Stratification Criteria

"The PSUs are stratified according to their size in terms of the number of residents." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, IT, Version 1.0, p. 13)

Sampling Method

"PSU are selected with probability proportional to their size (number of residents) by means of a systematic sampling method by Madow (1949) inside each stratum. Households are selected with equal probability by systematic sampling in each selected municipality from municipality registers." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, IT, Version 1.0, p. 14)

Number Of Rotational Groups

6

Start Date

16-01-2024

End Date

26-05-2024

Interview Mode

• 55.4 % CAPI
• 44.6 % CATI

Weighting: Method

See Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, IT, Version 1.0, Annex 5.

Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, IT, Version 1.0.

Interview Mode

• 0.6 % CAPI
• 99.4 % CATI

Interview Mode

• 58.9 % CAPI
• 36.3 % CATI
• 3.9 % PAPI
• 0.9 % Websurvey

Producer

National Statistics Institute (INE-Spain)

Universe

"The target population was members of private households residing at main family addresses, and the households themselves. (No differences between national and EU-SILC concept)
The sub populations that are not covered by the data collection include: those who moved out of the country's territory; or those with no usual residence; or those living in institutions or who have moved to an institution compared to the previous year." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, ES, Version 1.0, p. 2)

Source Of Sampling Frame

Geographical frame of addresses

Sampling Design

Probability

• systematic

• stratified

• multi-stage

Primary Sampling Units

Census enumeration units

Secondary Sampling Units

Addresses

Stratification Criteria

"In each Autonomous Community [self-ruling region], first-stage units were stratified by the size of the municipality to which the census section belonged. The following strata were considered: Stratum 0: Municipalities of over 500,000 population. Stratum 1: Provincial capitals (other than the above). Stratum 2: Municipalities of over 100,000 population (other than the above). Stratum 3: Municipalities of 50,000 to 100,000 population (other than the above). Stratum 4: Municipalities of 20,000 to 50,000 population (other than the above). Stratum 5: Municipalities of 10,000 to 20,000 population. Stratum 6: Municipalities of under 10,000 population. An independent sample was designed in each Autonomous Community to represent it, because one of INE's survey objectives is to provide data at this level of disaggegration." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, ES, Version 1.0, p. 11)

Sampling Method

"The Survey on Income and Living Conditions (Spanish "ECV") is an annual survey with a rotational-group design. The sample comprises four independent sub-samples, each of which is a four-year panel. Each year, the sample is rotated in one of the panels. The new sub-sample is selected following a two-stage design; the first-stage units are stratified. The first stage is made up of census sections. The second stage comprises main family addresses. There was no sub-sampling within those units; all households usually residing in those addresses were surveyed. The other sub-samples are formed with the households of the previous waves that have collaborated. In the 2020, 2021 and 2022 surveys the split-off households are not followed in the panel component (in the COVID-19 crisis context, together with the change of the Data Collection program and the mode of data collection, it has only been possible to develop the procedure to follow the movement of the entire household, but not the case of the split-off households.). Since the 2016 survey a supplementation of the sample is added in Catalonia in the new-subsample for the cross-sectional operation. From the 2021 survey this sample will be followed up in the subsequent years following the rotating scheme (the new-subsample has 116 census sections). The sample size has been duplicated in the context of the precision requirements introduced in the new frame regulation. The process has been initiated in 2019 and is consolidated in 2022. The new subsamples are duplicated (some adjustments have been carried out in the allocation by Autonomous Communities) in the period 2019-2022." (Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, ES, Version 1.0, pp. 11)

Number Of Rotational Groups

4

Date of Data Collection

February - June

Interview Mode

• 6.5 % CAPI
• 44.2 % CATI
• 49.2 % Websurvey

Weighting: Method

See Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, ES, Version 1.0, Annex 5- Weighting procedure.

Eurostat (2025). National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS), 2024, ES, Version 1.0.

Interview Mode

• 16.8 % CATI
• 83.2 % Websurvey

Interview Mode

• 75.8 % CATI
• 24.2 % Websurvey